Site Evaluation: Determine the best location and orientation for the solar panels, ensuring maximum sunlight exposure.

Installation: Mount the solar panels on rooftops, ground mounts, or other structures. The goal is to ensure they face the sun optimally, typically towards the equator.

Photovoltaic (PV) Cells: These are the essential components of a solar panel. When sunlight hits these cells, they absorb the sun's photons.

Energy Conversion: The absorbed photons excite the electrons in the PV cells, leading to the movement of electrons and the creation of an electrical current.

Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC): The electricity produced by PV cells is in the form of direct current. However, most homes and businesses use alternating current. An inverter is used to convert the DC into AC.

Electricity Regulation: The electricity generated can vary in voltage and current. Before it's used or sent to the grid, it needs to be regulated to ensure it's consistent and safe.

Connection to the Grid: Once the electricity is converted and regulated, it can be fed into the local power grid, allowing for net metering or the sale of excess power back to the utility company.

Storage in Batteries: To ensure energy availability when the sun isn't shining, many solar systems are equipped with battery storage. These batteries store excess energy generated during sunny periods and release it during cloudy days or nighttime.