Reservoir Creation: A dam is built across a river or a large water source to create a reservoir. This dam increases the water level and controls its flow, storing potential energy.

Controlled Release: Gates in the dam control the amount and rate of water flow, which can be increased or decreased based on energy needs.

Flow and Pressure: As water is released from the reservoir, it flows through pipes or penstocks, gaining speed and pressure.

Turbine Rotation: This high-pressure water is directed onto turbine blades, causing them to spin. The kinetic energy of the moving water gets converted into mechanical energy as the turbine rotates.

Turbine and Generator Connection: The rotating turbine is connected to a generator, which consists of a rotor and a stator.

Electromagnetic Induction: As the turbine spins the rotor (which has magnets), it induces a flow of electrons in the stator due to electromagnetic induction. This flow of electrons produces electricity.

Step-Up Transformers: The generated electricity is often at a lower voltage. Transformers are used to increase this voltage for long-distance transmission.

Power Grid Connection: Once the voltage is stepped up, the electricity is fed into the power grid, from where it is distributed to homes, businesses, and other consumers.